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Piedmontese cattle
The Piedmontese ((イタリア語:'Piemontese') or ) is a breed of domestic cattle that originated in the region of Piedmont, in northwest Italy. The calves are born fawn-coloured, and turn grey-white as they mature. Piedmontese cattle carry a unique gene mutation identified as an inactive myostatin allele that causes hypertrophic muscle growth, or double muscling. Purebred Piedmontese cattle are homozygous, meaning they have two identical alleles present for this unique gene. They have garnered attention from breeders of beef cattle in other parts of the world, including North and South America. A small group of select Piedmontese bulls and cows were imported into Canada in the late 1970s, and into the United States in the early 1980s, and were used as the foundation breeding stock to develop a new breed of beef cattle known as North American Piedmontese cattle.
==History==
Until the late 19th century, numerous local types of Piedmontese cattle existed, including the Canavese, the Della Langa, the Demonte, the Ordinario di Pianura, and the Scelta di Pianura. They were triple-purpose cattle, raised principally for draught power, but valued also for meat and milk. A herd book was opened in 1877,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Breed )〕 selective breeding towards a dual-purpose type began, and the Piedmontese became relatively uniform in character. The postpartum hypertrophic muscle growth characteristic, known as "''groppa di cavallo''" or "horse rump", first appeared in 1886 in the comune of Guarene d'Alba. It was not in accordance with the then breed standard, and only later attracted the interest of breeders and scientists.〔
At the beginning of the 20th century, about 680,000 Piedmontese cattle were in Italy; by 1985, this had fallen to about 600,000.〔 In 1957, the number registered in the herd book was 851; by the end of 2011, it had risen to 267,243.〔 In 2008, the total number in Italy was estimated at 300,000, of which 230,000 were registered.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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